A Whole-Genome RNA Interference Screen Reveals a Role for in Insulin Transcription and the Unfolded Protein Response.

Insulin production by the pancreatic β-cell is required for normal glucose homeostasis. While key transcription factors that bind to the insulin promoter are known, relatively little is known about the upstream regulators of insulin transcription. Using a whole-genome RNA interference screen, we uncovered 26 novel regulators of insulin transcription that regulate diverse processes including oxidative phosphorylation, vesicle traffic, and the unfolded protein response (UPR). We focused on -a gene implicated in human type 2 diabetes by genome-wide association studies but without a clear connection to glucose homeostasis. We showed that is a novel UPR target and its upregulation is dependent on PERK. Knockdown of resulted in reduced expression of Serca2, reduced endoplasmic reticulum calcium levels, and induction of the UPR. deletion in the adult mouse β-cell caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Our study greatly expands the compendium of insulin promoter regulators and demonstrates a novel β-cell link between and human diabetes.