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Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes.
Citation | “Identical And Nonidentical Twins: Risk And Factors Involved In Development Of Islet Autoimmunity And Type 1 Diabetes.”. Diabetes Care, pp. 192-199. . |
Center | University of Washington Yale University |
Multicenter |
Multicenter
|
Author | Taylor M Triolo, Alexandra Fouts, Laura Pyle, Liping Yu, Peter A Gottlieb, Andrea K Steck, Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group |
Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study ( = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS: At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins. |
Year of Publication |
2019
|
Journal |
Diabetes care
|
Volume |
42
|
Issue |
2
|
Number of Pages |
192-199
|
Date Published |
12/2019
|
ISSN Number |
1935-5548
|
DOI |
10.2337/dc18-0288
|
Alternate Journal |
Diabetes Care
|
PMID |
30061316
|
PMCID |
PMC6341285
|
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